A hipped roof is a type of roof design that slopes downwards from all sides of the structure, with the ends of the roof meeting at the ridge line. Unlike a gable roof, which has two sloping sides that meet…
RCC (Reinforced Cement Concrete) band in brickwork is a horizontal layer of reinforced concrete that is laid on top of the walls of a building to strengthen them and distribute the load evenly. It is usually placed at the plinth…
The burji is a temporary grid pillar or marker used in construction sites to ensure accuracy and precision in the marking and layout of walls and columns. It is a crucial tool for builders to ensure that the building is…
Shrinkage of concrete refers to the reduction in the volume of freshly placed concrete as it dries and hardens over time. This shrinkage is caused by the loss of moisture from the concrete, which leads to a decrease in the…
Spalling of concrete refers to the process by which the surface layer of concrete begins to break off or flake away into small pieces. This is typically caused by exposure to environmental factors such as freeze-thaw cycles, moisture, salt, and…
Chair bars refer to a small supporting structure that is used to lift or support the reinforcing steel bars (rebars) in the slab off the ground so that they can be properly positioned within the concrete. Purpose of chair bars…