Chair bars refer to a small supporting structure that is used to lift or support the reinforcing steel bars (rebars) in the slab off the ground so that they can be properly positioned within the concrete. Purpose of chair bars…
A grillage foundation is a type of foundation used to support heavy loads such as buildings, bridges, and large machines. It consists of a framework of horizontal and vertical beams, similar to a grill or grid, that is placed over…
Isolated footing is a type of shallow foundation used to support individual columns or pillars. It is typically used when the loads from the structure are relatively light and the soil is strong enough to support the weight of the…
A lintel beam is a structural component that is used to support the weight of a building or a part of a building, such as a doorway or a window, over an opening or span. It is a horizontal beam…
A raft foundation, also known as a mat foundation, is a type of foundation used to support buildings or structures on soft or low-bearing capacity soil. It consists of a thick, reinforced concrete slab that covers the entire area of…
Segregation of concrete refers to the separation of the different components of concrete, such as cement, sand, aggregate, and water, that can occur during the mixing, transportation, or placing of concrete. When concrete segregates, the different components separate from each…
The creep of concrete is the slow deformation or movement of the concrete over time when it is subjected to a constant load. It is a time-dependent phenomenon that occurs due to the slow movement of moisture and molecules within…